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Written deliberately to increase the circulation of Dickens's weekly magazine Household Words, Hard Time was a huge and instantaneous success upon publication in 1854. Yet this novel is not the cheerful celebration of Victorian life one might have expected from the beloved author of Pickwick Papers and The Old Curiosity Ship. Compressed, stark, allegorical, it is a bitter expose of capitalist exploitation during the Industrial Revolution--and a fierce denunciation of the philosophy of materialism, which threatens the human imagination in all times and places. With a typically unforgettable cast of characters, Hard Times carries a uniquely powerful message and remains one of the most widely read of Dickens's major novels.
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